摘要
目的：应用三维超声观察未育女性盆膈裂孔，探讨三维超声在观察女性盆底结构中的应用价值。方法：选择45例未育女性，经会阴三维超声检查获得盆膈裂孔声像图，观察其形态及内部结构，分别在静息期和张力期测量其前后径、左右径、面积、周长及双侧耻骨直肠肌厚度。结果：正常未育女性盆膈裂孔形态呈菱形，内部结构清晰，从前到后依次显示尿道、阴道和直肠，两侧耻骨直肠肌对称，连续性好。静息期和张力期比较，形态及内部结构无明显变化，盆膈裂孔大小及两侧耻骨直肠肌厚度有明显改变。静息期盆膈裂孔左右径、前后径、面积和周长分别是（3.53±0.42） cm、（4.62±0.46） cm、（12.08±1.43） cm2和（13.39±1.62） cm，在张力期分别是（4.03±0.39） cm、（5.08±0.62） cm、（14.29±1.92） cm2和（14.54±1.68） cm。静息期和张力期左侧耻骨直肠肌厚度分别是（0.71±0.10） cm和（0.60±0.08） cm，右侧耻骨直肠肌厚度分别是（0.68±0.08） cm和（0.58±0.07） cm。与静息期相比，张力期盆膈裂孔各径线变大，而耻骨直肠肌变薄，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：三维超声技术是评估女性盆底结构有效的影像学方法。
Abstract
Objective: To observe the pelvic diaphragm hiatus in nulliparous women with three-dimensional ultrasound, in order to assess the value of three-dimensional ultrasound in observing the female pelvic diaphragm. Methods: Forty-five nulliparous women were enrolled in the study, ultrasonogram of pelvic diaphragm hiatus was acquired by using three-dimensional ultrasound. The form, structures of hiatus were observed, the anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, area and circumference of pelvic diaphragm hiatus and the thickness of puborectalis were measured at rest and during maximum Valsalva maneuver. Result: Through the pelvic diaphragm hiatus, the urethra, vagina and rectum arranged in rhombic shape from front to back, and puborectalis at both sides of the pelvic diaphragm hiatus were symmetrical and continuous. The morphology and internal anatomical structures of levator hiatus showed no notable alternations at rest and during maximum Valsalva maneuver, the sizes of levator hiatus and the thickness of puborectalis changed significantly. The anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, area and circumference of pelvic diaphragm hiatus were (3.53±0.42) cm, (4.62±0.46) cm, (12.08±1.43) cm2 and (13.39±1.62) cm at rest. During maximum Valsalva maneuver, the sizes were(4.03±0.39) cm, (5.08±0.62) cm, (14.29±1.92) cm2 and (14.54±1.68) cm. The thickness of left puborectalis was (0.71±0.10) cm at rest and (0.60±0.08) cm during maximum Valsalva maneuver, and that of the right was (0.68±0.08) cm at rest and (0.58±0.07) cm during maximum Valsalva maneuver. The size of levator hiatus was larger and the thickness of puborectalis was thinner during maximum Valsalva maneuver compared with the condition at rest. There were significant differences(P<0.05). Conclusion: The three-dimensional ultrasound technology is an effective imaging method to estimate the female pelvic diaphragm.
关键词
生殖器疾病 /
女（雌）性 /
超声检查
Key words
Genital diseases /
female /
Ultrasonography
张 曼;王 荣;王兴田.
三维超声评估未育女性盆膈裂孔的研究[J]. 中国临床医学影像杂志. 2015, 26(9): 657-659
ZHANG Man;WANG Rong;WANG Xing-tian.
Evaluation of the pelvic diaphragm hiatus in nulliparous women by three-dimensional ultrasound[J]. Journal of China Clinic Medical Imaging. 2015, 26(9): 657-659
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