目的：探讨胎儿先天性高位呼吸道梗阻（喉/气管闭锁）超声声像图特征及超声诊断要点。方法：产前超声诊断5例胎儿先天性高位呼吸道梗阻（喉/气管闭锁）。分析并总结胎儿先天性高位呼吸道梗阻超声声像图特征及超声诊断要点。结果：5例胎儿终止妊娠后，3例经病理解剖证实存在胎儿先天性高位呼吸道梗阻，1例咽喉部局部解剖探查证实存在喉部闭锁，1例未行尸解或相关检查。胎儿先天性高位呼吸道梗阻（喉/气管闭锁）超声声像图特征为：双肺体积对称性增大，回声明显增强，远端气管及主支气管扩张。膈肌扁平甚至反向。心脏受压体积变小。可合并其他畸形。结论：胎儿先天性高位呼吸道梗阻（喉/气管闭锁）超声声像图特征明显。产前超声检查可提示诊断。

Objective: To investigate the prenatal ultrasonic manifestation and diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome(CHAOS). Methods: Five cases of CHAOS were diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. The prenatal ultrasonic manifestations and key points for diagnosis of CHAOS were analysed and concluded. Results: Three cases were comfirmed by autopsy, one was comfirmed by local exploration after termination of pregnancy, and one was lost during follow up. The characteristic prenatal ultrasonic manifestations of CHAOS were hyper-echogenic and symmetrical enlarged lung fields, flattened or inverted diaphragm and dilated trachea, as well as small and compressed heart. Conclusions: The prenatal ultrasonic manifestations of CHAOS were characteristic. CHAOS can be prenatally diagnosed.