目的：初步探讨增强T2*加权血管成像（Enhanced T2 star weighted angiography，ESWAN）在前列腺癌（Prostate cancer，PCa）与前列腺增生（Benign prostatic hypertrophy，BPH）鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析于我院GE SignaHDxt 3.0 T MRI行前列腺检查并经病理证实的患者56例（PCa组26例，BPH组30例）。PCa组中中高分化组16例（Gleason评分≤7分），低分化组10例（Gleason评分＞7分）。通过后处理软件获得相位图、R2*图、ADC图，采用感兴趣区法测量病灶的R2*值、相位值、ADC值。对同一患者的测量由两名观察者各自独立完成，取3次测量平均值用于统计学分析。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据分析。应用Mann-Whitney test比较PCa组和BPH组的年龄差异；采用Spearman相关系数评价PCa组和BPH组病灶R2*值、相位值、ADC值两名观察者测量结果的一致性，如一致性良好则使用标准差较小的测量数据进行统计学分析；采用Mann-Whitney test比较PCa组与BPH组的R2*值、相位值和ADC值的差异和PCa组中中高分化组与低分化组的R2*值、相位值和ADC值的差异，P＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义；应用ROC曲线评价R2*、相位值、ADC值诊断PCa的诊断效能，并确定诊断阈值。结果：①PCa组与BPH组患者年龄差异无统计学意义；②两名观察者对PCa组和BPH病灶R2*值、相位值、ADC值的测量结果一致性均良好；③PCa组与BPH组的R2*值、相位值、ADC值的差异均有统计学意义。R2*值诊断PCa的AUC为0.914，其诊断阈值为21.06 Hz，灵敏度、特异度分别为92.3%、83.3%；相位值诊断PCa的AUC为0.664，其诊断阈值为0.010 7 Hz，灵敏度、特异度分别为69.2%、73.3%；ADC值诊断PCa的AUC为0.903，其诊断阈值为0.958×10－3 mm2/s，灵敏度、特异度分别为88.5%、90.0%；④中高分化组和低分化组病灶R2*值、相位值、ADC值的差异均无统计学意义。结论： ESWAN序列的R2*值、相位值可以作为定量指标鉴别PCa和BPH，R2*值在二者的鉴别诊断中具有更高的诊断效能，其AUC大于ADC值，且灵敏度高于ADC值。ESWAN序列可以为PCa和BPH的鉴别诊断提供更多信息，具有应用价值。

Objective: To explore the feasibility of the enhanced T2 star weighted angiography(ESWAN) MRI post-processed multiple parameters in differential diagnosis of prostate cancer(PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). Methods: In this retrospective study, 56 patients with pathologically confirmed prostate lesions(26 cases of PCa group, 30 cases of BPH group) were reviewed. All the patients underwent prostate MRI exams on a GE SignaHDxt 3.0T MRI scanner. The R2*, phase, and ADC values of each lesion region were obtained with the region of interest manually circled. The measurements of the same patient were done independently by two observers, and the mean values of the 3 measurements were used for statistical analysis. Using SPSS 17.0 statistical software for data analysis. The differences of age between the two groups was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. The results(R2* values, phase values and ADC values) of the two observers were using Spearman test. R2* value, phase value, ADC value between PCa and BPH groups and those between poorly differentiated group and the well differentiated group were compared with the Mann-Whitney test. The receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC) were used to determine the performances of the R2*, phase and ADC values, and to calculate cutoff value. Result: ①There is no significant difference in age between PCa group and BPH group.②Two observers’ measurement results of R2*, phase and ADC values were in good agreement. ③The values of R2*, phase and ADC between PCa and BPH show significant difference. The AUC of R2* values were 0.914 and the corresponding cutoff value were 21.06 Hz, the sensitivity and specificity were 92.3% and 83.3%. The AUC of phase values were 0.664 and the corresponding cutoff value were 0.010 7 Hz, the sensitivity and specificity were 69.2% and 73.3%. The AUC of ADC values were 0.903 and the corresponding cutoff value were 0.958×10－3 mm2/s, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.5% and 90.0%. ④No significant difference in the values of R2*, phase, ADC was found between poorly differentiated group and the well differentiated group. Conclusion: The values of R2*, phase measured in ESWAN were valuable information in different diagnosis of PCa and BPH. The value of R2* had higher AUC than ADC, and higher sensitivity than ADC. ESWAN sequence has good prospect in the different diagnosis of PCa and BPH.