目的：探讨临床随访过程中视神经脊髓炎（Neuromyelitis optica，NMO）的动态MRI表现特点。材料与方法：收集5例NMO患者（均为女性，年龄16~49岁，平均（26.6±13.1）岁），回顾分析她们在临床治疗、随访过程中的多次MRI检查资料。结果：5例NMO患者既往均出现过视神经损伤、视力下降表现。5例NMO患者入院后首次MRI检查均发现节段性或广泛的脊髓病变，受累节段脊髓水肿（主要累及到脊髓中央灰质区）并可出现不均匀轻微强化；其中2例同时观察到视交叉处视神经水肿、轻度强化表现，1例伴两侧下丘脑局部受累；1例NMO患者并存散在的脑实质小病灶。在NMO患者治疗、随访过程中，MRI能观察到脊髓水肿随着病情消长出现动态变化，脊髓病变部位可能出现迁徙。结论：NMO是主要累及视神经、脊髓的炎性脱髓鞘疾病，容易出现病情反复；MRI能监测NMO病灶的动态变化为临床治疗提供参考。

Objective: To investigate the dynamic performance of neuromyelitis optica(NMO) in serial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) examinations. Materials and Methods: Five female patients with NMO(26.6±13.1 years old(range, 16~49 years old) were enrolled, their serial MRI data during the therapeutic and follow-up period were reviewed retrospectively. Result: All of the five patients with NMO had experienced visual impairment for one or more times, and segmental or diffused spinal cord lesion with edema(mainly affecting central gray matter) and slightly contrast-enhancement was demonstrated in their first MRI examination. In the first MRI examination, 2 patients with NMO also presented with optic chiasm swelling, thickening and mild contrast enhancement, with hypothalamus partly involved in one of them; one of these 5 patients presented with scattered small lesions in the brain. During the therapeutic and follow-up period, MRI demonstrated dynamic changes of spinal cord edema according to the illness conditions, probably with a migration of lesion location. Conclusion: NMO is a kind of recurrent, demyelinating disease mostly affecting optic nerve and spinal cord, MRI can provide reasonable basis for the clinical treatment by monitoring the dynamic changes of NMO lesions.