目的：探讨超声与放射学检查在小儿输尿管息肉中的诊断价值，并进行联合、对比研究。方法：回顾性分析39例经外科手术证实的输尿管纤维上皮性息肉患儿临床资料，将术前超声结果及放射学检查结果与手术结果进行比较，总结超声漏误诊原因，评估诊断价值。结果：39例患儿，超声正确诊断33例，其中31例单发，均为左侧输尿管，2例为多发，双侧输尿管各有1个息肉（共35例息肉）。4例漏诊，仅诊断为肾盂积水，1例误诊为炎性沉积，1例误诊为结石，超声诊断准确率84.6%。25例患儿进行了CT扫描检查，均有肾盂、肾盏不同程度的扩张，19例可见输尿管壁上软组织密度影，诊断准确率76.0%。所有病例术前均行静脉肾盂造影（IVP）检查，11例发现输尿管内明显的充盈缺损，9例可见造影剂在肾盂输尿管连接处（UPJ）短暂滞留，以下段输尿管显影延迟，诊断可疑输尿管息肉，19例仅显示UPJ的单纯狭窄，诊断准确率51.3%。结论：超声是一种有效的诊断小儿输尿管息肉的检查方法，可清晰显示小儿输尿管息肉的部位、数目及结构特征，操作简便、无辐射且准确性高，优于其他放射学检查，在该疾病诊断上具有重要临床价值。

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasound and radiology in pediatric ureteral polyps and compare the results. Methods: Thirty-nine cases of ureteral fibroepithelial polyps in children comfirmed by surgical pathology, were retrospectively analyzed and preoperative ultrasound results with radiological examination results were compared with the results of surgery. The reasons of missed diagnosis as well as misdiagnosis by ultrasound were summarized and the diagnostic value was evaluated. Results: Thirty-three cases were diagnosed correctly by ultrasound in which 31 cases were unilateral on left and 2 cases were bilaterally multiple(totally 35 polyps). Four cases were missed for only hydronephrosis. Two cases were misdiagnosed for inflammatory deposition and uretaral calculi respectively. The diagnostic accuracy rate of ultrasound was 84.6%. CT scan was performed in 25 children with different degrees of hydronephrosis and 19 cases were positively described as soft-tissue density lesions in the ureteral wall. The diagnostic accuracy of CT was 76.0%. IVP was performed in all cases. Eleven cases were positive on IVP which revealed filling defects. Nine children showed blunting UPJ which was suspicious for fibroepithelial polyp. The remaining 19 cases showed only UPJ obstruction on IVP without additional findings. The accuracy rate of IVP was 51.3%. Conclusions: Ultrasound, which can show the location, number and structural features of polyps, is an effective inspection method of pediatric ureteral fibroepithelial polyps and is superior to other methods owing to its features of simplicity, free radiation and high accuracy.